Demnach lebten die Menschen zunächst in einem tierähnlichen Zustand, ohne Sprache, Erkenntnis und sozialen Zusammenhalt, die sich erst später durch die Erfahrung entwickelten. Werk: philosophisches Lehrgedicht De rerum natura erstes bedeutendes und vollständig erhaltenes Lehrgedicht der römischen Antike einem Dichtermäzen namens C. Memmius gewidmet Lukrez Herkunft und soziale Stellung sind nicht gesichert; Vermutungen, die von seinem Cognomen Carus auf eine niedrige Herkunft schließen, sind ebenso wenig zu belegen wie die Annahme, Lukrez habe der Nobilität angehört. [59], The first printed edition of De rerum natura was produced in Brescia, Lombardy, in 1473. [42] If this were the case, then it might explain how Cicero came to be familiar with Lucretius's work. — Lukrez. Jh. Das Lehrgedicht De rerum natura („Über die Natur der Dinge“) des römischen Dichters Lukrez ist die bedeutendste und eingängigste Darstellung der antiken Atomlehre. ENGLISH TRANSLATION by William Ellery Leonard . Determinism appears to conflict with the concept of free will. A History of Western Science. Übersetzung: Hermann Diels, 1924 [73], In regards to prose writers, a number either quote from Lucretius's poem or express great admiration for De rerum natura, including: Vitruvius (in De Architectura),[74][75] Marcus Velleius Paterculus (in the Historiae Romanae),[75][76] Quintilian (in the Institutio Oratoria),[71][77] Tacitus (in the Dialogus de oratoribus),[71][78] Marcus Cornelius Fronto (in De eloquentia),[79][80] Cornelius Nepos (in the Life Of Atticus),[75][81] Apuleius (in De Deo Socratis),[82][83] and Gaius Julius Hyginus (in the Fabulae). Die Hommage an Epikur handelt von der Stellung des Menschen in einem von den Göttern nicht beeinflussten Universum. Lucretius wrote this epic poem to "Memmius", who may be Gaius Memmius, who in 58 BC was a praetor, a judicial official deciding controversies between citizens and the government. Lukrez wendet sich gegen die deterministische, von der Idee göttlicher Durchdringung und göttlichen Wirkens des Kosmos[3] beherrschte Weltsicht der Stoa: Die Welt sei viel zu mangelhaft, um von Göttern erschaffen zu sein. Following this, the poet argues that the universe comprises an infinite number of Atoms, which are scattered about in an infinite and vast void (Inane). To do this, Epicurus invoked the atomism of Democritus to demonstrate that the material universe was formed not by a Supreme Being, but by the mixing of elemental particles that had existed from all eternity governed by certain simple laws. Contents. ERSTES BUCH . "[35], Despite his advocacy of empiricism and his many correct conjectures about atomism and the nature of the physical world, Lucretius concludes his first book stressing the absurdity of the (by then well-established) round earth theory, favor instead a flat earth cosmology. Nach der Erklärung über die Natur und den Aufbau der Seele folgt der Beweis für ihre Sterblichkeit. [1], Machiavelli made a copy early in his life. Poetry, on the other hand, is like honey, in that it is a "a sweetener that sugarcoats the bitter medicine of Epicurean philosophy and entices the audience to swallow it. 1st century AD), whose didactic poem Astronomica (written c. AD 10–20), alludes to De rerum natura in a number of places. De rerum natura (I) De rerum natura (II) De rerum natura (III) The title of Lucretius’s work translates that of the chief work of Epicurus, Peri physeōs (On Nature). 0 Reviews. [51] The third and final ninth-century manuscript—which comprises the Schedae Gottorpienses fragment (commonly called G and located in the Kongelige Bibliotek of Copenhagen) and the Schedae Vindobonenses fragments (commonly called V and U and located in the Austrian National Library in Vienna)—was christened by Butterfield as S and has been dated to the latter part of the ninth century. [5] To further alleviate the fear of non-existence, Lucretius makes use of the symmetry argument: he argues that the eternal oblivion awaiting all humans after death is exactly the same as the infinite nothingness that preceded our birth. To remove these fears, and thus to establish tranquillity in the heart, was the purpos… • Alioto, Anthony M. (1987). "[46] However, Kleve contends that four of the six books are represented in the fragments, which he argues is reason to assume that the entire poem was at one time kept in the library. But if they were not in the habit of swerving, they would all fall straight down through the depths of the void, like drops of rain, and no collision would occur, nor would any blow be produced among the atoms. [49] The second of these ninth-century manuscripts is the Codex Quadratus, often called Q. Sichtbare Körper entstehen durch Zusammenballung von vier Urelementen: Luft, Wasser, Erde, Feuer. La elección de Venus no es en absoluto banal y está cargada de significado simbólico. Das sechsbändige, in Form von daktylischen Hexametern verfasste Lehrgedicht gibt die Naturphilosophie Epikurs wieder. Chr.) De rerum natura 1. Buch ... De rerum natura 2. For the documentary television series, see, Lucretius was quoted by several early Christian writers, including, List of English translations of De rerum natura, "Hortus Apertus – La fortuna – Dante e Lucrezio", "Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini" (2013), "The 2012 Pulitzer Prize Winners: General Nonfiction", "2011 National Book Award Winner, Nonfiction", "An Unearthed Treasure That Changed Things", "The Answer Man: An Ancient Poem Was Rediscovered—and the World Swerved", "Book review: 'The Swerve: How the World Became Modern, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_rerum_natura&oldid=993308149, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with Latin-language sources (la), Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 December 2020, at 23:10. Kosmologie, Kulturgeschichte Lukrez: Von der Natur der Dinge, 2. [41], Martin Ferguson Smith notes that Cicero's close friend, Titus Pomponius Atticus, was an Epicurean publisher, and it is possible his slaves made the very first copies of De rerum natura. [101][102], "On the Nature of Things" redirects here. In the work, Greenblatt argues that Poggio Bracciolini's discovery of De rerum natura reintroduced important ideas that sparked the modern age. Publication date 1851 Publisher H.G. [66] What is more, Manilius also seems to suggest throughout this poem that his work is superior to that of Lucretius's. Pseudo-Lukrezisches im Lukrez: Die unechten verse in Lukrezens “De Rerum Natura,” Berlin/New York 1996; Prolegomena zur Editio Teubneriana des Lukrez, Berlin; Boston 2017 (reviewed by Nicoletta Bruno, BMCR 2019.05.17); Kritischer Kommentar zu Lukrezens De rerum natura, Berlin; Boston 2018 (reviewed by Nicoletta Bruno, BMCR 2019.06.18). Lucrecio, De rerum natura. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Lukrez versucht, die Entstehung von Gesellschaft und Kultur auf rein natürliche Ursachen zurückzuführen, ohne Dazwischenkunft irgendwelcher Gottheiten. With this episode, the book closes; this abrupt ending suggests that Lucretius might have died before he was able to finalize and fully edit his poem.[3]. For instance, Diskin Clay sees Venus as a poetic substitute for sex, and Bonnie Catto sees the invocation of the name as a metonym for the "creative process of natura". In relation to this discrepancy in the frequency of Lucretius's reference to the apparent subject of his poem, Kannengiesse advances the theory that Lucretius wrote the first version of De rerum natura for the reader at large, and subsequently revised in order to write it for Memmius. [11][12] Stearns suggests that this is because Memmius reneged on a promise to pay for a new school to be built on the site of the old Epicurean school. Die Hommage an Epikur handelt von der Stellung des Menschen in einem von den Göttern nicht beeinflussten Universum. „de rerum natura – über die Natur der Dinge“ Diese Ausstellung ist ein Projekt der Regionalverbände Heidelberg und Leipzig des BBK Bundesverbandes, und sie wird in diesen beiden Städten gezeigt. "[37] His naturalistic explanations were meant to bolster the ethical and philosophical ideas of Epicureanism, not to reveal true explanations of the physical world.[36]. Nevertheless, Lucretius writes as a complete Epicurean,offering his reader not just cosmological understanding but the fullrecipe for happiness. BIOGRAPHY of Epicurus. : Die Bewegungen der Natur und des Kosmos seien nur Bild und Gleichnis der Atombewegungen. Denn Köper nur gibt es und Leeres - omnis ut igitur per se natura duabus constitit in rebus; nam corpora sunt et inane". What people are saying - Write a review. [13][14], There is a certain irony to the poem, namely that while Lucretius extols the virtue of the Epicurean school of thought, Epicurus himself had advised his acolytes from penning poetry because he believed it to make that which was simple overly complicated. adventumque tuum, tibi suavis daedala tellus. "[89], After Lactantius's time, Lucretius was almost exclusively referenced or alluded to in a negative manner by the Church Fathers. DE RERVM NATVRA LIBRI SEX. This copy has been dated to the early ninth century and was produced by a Carolingian scriptorium (likely a monastery connected to the court of Charlemagne). [98][99][100] The book was well-received, and later earned the 2012 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction and the 2011 National Book Award for Nonfiction. De rerum natura bei Bibliotheca Augustana (Originaltext); Über die Natur der Dinge (deutsche Übersetzung von Hermann Diels, 1924) bei Zeno.org. Parmenides Lehre vom ausgeschlossenen Dritten besitzt auch für Lukrez Gültigkeit: "Tertiam naturam nullam esse rerum". [29], De rerum natura does not argue that the soul does not exist; rather, the poem claims that the soul, like all things in existence, is made up of atoms, and because these atoms will one day drift apart, the human soul is not immortal. Molière produced a verse translation which does not survive; John Evelyn translated the first book. [71][72] David Butterfield also writes that "clear echoes and/or responses" to De rerum natura can be detected in the works of the Roman elegiac poets Catullus, Propertius, and Tibullus, as well as the lyric poet Horace. "[16][17] (Of note, Lucretius repeats these 25 lines, almost verbatim, in the introduction to the fourth book. Über die Natur der Dinge: (De rerum natura) | Lukrez | ISBN: 9783843065689 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. [28][29] She qualifies her use of this term, cautioning that it is not to be used to say that Lucretius was himself an atheist in the modern sense of the word, nor that atheism is a teleological necessity, but rather that many of his ideas were taken up by 19th, 20th, and 21st century atheists. Von nichts kommt nichts.” Lukrez, Titus Lucretius Carus - De rerum natura. Teilen: Anmerkung „Denn wir sehen, dass nichts von nichts entstehen kann. Berlin 1957, S. 168.: 5. [95] His influence is especially notable in the work of the Spanish-American philosopher George Santayana, who praised Lucretius—along with Dante and Goethe—in his book Three Philosophical Poets,[96] although he openly admired the poet's system of physics more so than his spiritual musings (referring to the latter as "fumbling, timid and sad"). [31][32], Thus, he began his discussion by claiming that he would, explain by what forces nature steers the courses of the Sun and the journeyings of the Moon, so that we shall not suppose that they run their yearly races between heaven and earth of their own free will [i.e., are gods themselves] or that they are rolled round in furtherance of some divine plan....[33], However, when he set out to put this plan into practice, he limited himself to showing how one, or several different, naturalistic accounts could explain certain natural phenomena. The shape of these atoms, their properties, their movements, the laws under which they enter into combination and assume forms and qualities appreciable by the senses, with other preliminary matters on their nature and affections, together with a refutation of objections and opposing hypotheses, occupy the first two books. In that case, nature would never have produced anything. [5] Given that Lucretius goes on to argue that the gods are removed from human life, many have thus seen this opening to be contradictory: how can Lucretius pray to Venus and then deny that the gods listen to or care about human affairs? his assertion that the world was created from chaos, and his denials of Providence, divine participation, miracles, the efficacy of prayer, and an afterlife) as "proto-atheistic". [19] For instance, the poem concludes rather abruptly while detailing the Plague of Athens, there are redundant passages throughout (e.g., 1.820–821 and 2.1015–1016) alongside other aesthetic “loose ends”, and at 5.155 Lucretius mentions that he will spend a great deal of time discussing the nature of the gods, which never comes to pass. Die Welt aus Atomen / De rerum natura, Taschenbuch von Lukrez, Titus Lucretius Carus bei hugendubel.de. In both this work, and as well as his more well-known Etymologiae (c. AD 600–625), Isidore liberally quotes from Lucretius a total of twelve times, drawing verses from all of Lucretius's books except his third. [9] There are over a dozen references to "Memmius" scattered throughout the long poem in a variety of contexts in translation, such as "Memmius mine", "my Memmius", and "illustrious Memmius". [7], After the opening, the poem commences with an enunciation of the proposition on the nature and being of the deities, which leads to an invective against the evils of superstition. [59][60] This proves that the work was known in select circles long before the official rediscovery by Poggio. Das dritte Buch aus dem Werk „de rerum natura“ Das dritte Buch von Lukrez behandelt nach dem vorgestellten Proömium den Gegenstand der Seele in drei Hauptteilen. The entire proem is also written in the format of a hymn, recalling other early literary works, texts, and hymns and in particular the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite. [88] The Early Christian apologist Lactantius, in particular, heavily cites and critiques Lucretius in his The Divine Institutes and its Epitome, as well as his De ira Dei. However, Memmius' name is central to several critical verses in the poem, and this theory has therefore been largely discredited. [13] Memmius was also a tribune in 66, praetor in 58, governor of Bithynia in 57, and was a candidate for the consulship in 54 but was disqualified for bribery, and Stearns suggests that the warm relationship between patron and client may have cooled (sed tua me virtus tamen et sperata voluptas / suavis amicitiae quemvis efferre laborem, "But still your merit, and as I hope, the joy / Of our sweet friendship, urge me to any toil"). [10] The German classicists Ivo Bruns and Samuel Brandt set forth an alternative theory that Lucretius did at first write the poem with Memmius in mind, but that his enthusiasm for his patron cooled over time. On the Nature of Things: De Rerum Natura by Titus Lucretius Carus. [48] O is currently housed at Leiden University. OUTLINE of DRN . Titus Lucretius Carus was a Roman poet and philosopher. )[18], The state of the poem as it currently exists suggests that it was released in an unfinished state. De rerum natura: Lukrez, Von der natur, übersetzt von Hermann Diels. Lucretius attempts to allow for free will in his physicalistic universe by postulating an indeterministic tendency for atoms to veer randomly (Latin: clinamen, literally "the turning aside of a thing", but often translated as "the swerve"). LUCRETIUS, EPICURUS AND EPICUREANISM. "[5], Lucretius maintained that he could free humankind from fear of the deities by demonstrating that all things occur by natural causes without any intervention by the deities. His only known work is the philosophical poem De rerum natura, a didactic work about the tenets and philosophy of Epicureanism, and which usually is translated into English as On the Nature of Things. Buch - deutsch : 1. [45] Nevertheless, a small minority of scholars argue that Jerome's assertion may be credible. [93] His Essays contain almost a hundred quotes from De rerum natura. [55][56], While there exist a handful of references to Lucretius in Romance and Germanic sources dating between the ninth and fifteenth centuries (references that, according to Ada Palmer, "indicate a tenacious, if spotty knowledge of the poet and some knowledge of [his] poem"), no manuscripts of De rerum natura currently survive from this span of time. So begründet er die menschliche Individualität ebenso wie die Notwendigkeit einer rein beobachtenden Naturerforschung, die nur Regelmäßigkeiten mittels sinnlicher Wahrnehmung,[7] jedoch keine Notwendigkeiten erkennen könne. Der Staat entsteht auf Basis der Vertragstheorie. [89] Lactantius also disparages the science of De rerum natura (as well as of Epicureanism in general), calls Lucretius "the most worthless of the poets" (poeta inanissimus), notes that he is unable to read more than a few lines of De rerum natura without laughing, and sarcastically asks, "Who would think that [Lucretius] had a brain when he said these things? [68] (Coincidentally, De rerum natura and the Astronomica were both rediscovered by Poggio Bracciolini in the early 15th century. v. [43] In c. AD 380, St. Jerome would contend in his Chronicon that Cicero amended and edited De rerum natura,[44] although most scholars argue that this is an erroneous claim;[45] the classicist David Butterfield argues that this mistake was likely made by Jerome (or his sources) because the earliest reference to Lucretius is in the aforementioned letter from Cicero. Historians of science, however, have been critical of the limitations of his Epicurean approach to science, especially as it pertained to astronomical topics, which he relegated to the class of "unclear" objects. [57] Rather, all the remaining Lucretian manuscripts that are currently extant date from or after the fifteenth century. stammendes Lehrgedicht des römischen Dichters, Philosophen und Epikureers Titus Lucretius Carus, genannt Lukrez.Die Hommage an Epikur handelt von der Stellung des Menschen in einem von den Göttern nicht beeinflussten Universum. He argues against fear of such deities by demonstrating, through observations and arguments, that the operations of the world can be accounted for in terms of natural phenomena. "[23] Some Christian apologists viewed De rerum natura as an atheist manifesto and a dangerous foil to be thwarted. »De rerum natura ist der größte epikureische Text und die ausführlichste Darstellung der antiken Atomlehre, die von Demokrit und Leukipp herrührend sich letztlich nicht gegen die unmaterialistisc The poem consists of six untitled books, in dactylic hexameter. The manuscript that Poggio discovered did not survive, but a copy (the "Codex Laurentianus 35.30") of it by Poggio's friend, Niccolò de' Niccoli, did, and today it is kept at the Laurentian Library in Florence. Lucretius: De Rerum Natura I. Aeneadum genetrix, hominum divomque voluptas, alma Venus, caeli subter labentia signa. [3] Lucretius identifies the supernatural with the notion that the deities created our world or interfere with its operations in some way. De rerum natura (deutsch Ãœber die Natur der Dinge oder Vom Wesen des Weltalls) ist ein aus dem 1. This wrath was supposed to be displayed by the misfortunes inflicted in this life and by the everlasting tortures that were the lot of the guilty in a future state (or, where these feelings were not strongly developed, from a vague dread of gloom and misery after death). [3][20][21] Some have suggested that Lucretius died before being able to edit, finalize, and publish his work. De rerum natura Titel entspricht dem griechischen "P e r i j u s e w V "; - natürlich auch hier: Zerstörung des Mythos und aller unerklärbarer, - Mechanik) und nicht … HISTORICAL BACKGROUND and study questions for DRN ISBN 0133923908. [3], The sixth book contains an explanation of some of the most striking natural appearances, especially thunder, lightning, hail, rain, snow, ice, cold, heat, wind, earthquakes, volcanoes, springs and localities noxious to animal life, which leads to a discourse upon diseases. Lucretius thus argues that death is simply annihilation, and that there is no afterlife. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Lukrez – Über die Natur der Dinge in der Übersetzung von Hermann Diels, 1924; Werk bei Perseus Project (lateinisch und englisch); On the Nature of Things (englische Übersetzung von William Ellery Leonard) im Project Gutenberg (für … für Nutzer aus Deutschland derzeit i.d.R. Lucretius opens his poem by addressing Venus not only as the mother of Rome (Aeneadum genetrix) but also as the veritable mother of nature (Alma Venus), urging her to pacify her lover Mars and spare Rome from strife. The edition offers a new critical text of De rerum natura. „DE RERUM NATURA” Aus der Zusammenarbeit der Regionalverbände Heidelberg und Leipzig des BBK Bundesverbandes entstand die Ausstellung DE RERUM NATURA, die im Heidelberger Forum für Kunst und im Anschluss im Tapetenwerk in Leipzig gezeigt wird. Quelle: De rerum natura . )[69], Additionally, Lucretius's work is discussed by the Augustan poet Ovid, who in his Amores writes "the verses of the sublime Lucretius will perish only when a day will bring the end of the world" (Carmina sublimis tunc sunt peritura Lucreti / exitio terras cum dabit una dies),[70] and the Silver Age poet Statius, who in his Silvae praises Lucretius as being highly "learned". Ergo hominum genus in cassum frustraque laborat semper et in curis consumit inanibus aevom, ni mirum quia non cognovit quae sit habendi finis et omnino quoad crescat vera voluptas; idque minutatim vitam provexit in altum et belli magnos commovit funditus aestus. [34] For instance, when considering the reason for stellar movements, Lucretius provides two possible explanations: that the sky itself rotates, or that the sky as a whole is stationary while constellations move. Certainly to eliminate fear of the divine throughphysical understanding is one component of this task, but not the onlyone. [8] This book addresses the origin of the world and of all things therein, the movements of the heavenly bodies, the changing of the seasons, day and night, the rise and progress of humankind, society, political institutions, and the invention of the various arts and sciences which embellish and ennoble life. [66] However, Manilius's poem, espouses a Stoic, deterministic understanding of the universe,[67] and by its very nature attacks the very philosophical underpinnings of Lucretius's worldview. [1] Namely, Lucretius explores the principles of atomism; the nature of the mind and soul; explanations of sensation and thought; the development of the world and its phenomena; and explains a variety of celestial and terrestrial phenomena. Über die Natur der Dinge (deutsche Übersetzung von Hermann Diels, 1924), Marcus Deufert bietet 2019 im 'Lesetext' seiner jüngsten.