German Vowels. The letter x (Ix, /ɪks/) occurs almost exclusively in loanwords such as Xylofon (xylophone) and names, e.g. Weitere Ideen zu Phonetik, Phonetisches alphabet, Logopädie. Before the introduction of the printing press, frontalization was indicated by placing an e after the back vowel to be modified, but German printers developed the space-saving typographical convention of replacing the full e with a small version placed above the vowel to be modified. Konsonanten: Vokale: [Vokal/Artikulation] - [Konsonant/Wortbeispiele], Artikulatorische Klassifikation der deutschen Konsonanten: [Konsonant/Wortbeispiele] - [Vokale], Deutsches Vokalinventar: [Vokal/Wortbeispiele] - [Konsonanten]. Significant production of German texts only resumed during the reign of the Hohenstaufen dynasty (in the High Middle Ages). Eszett is sorted as though it were ss. However, there are different ways of identifying long vowels: Even though German does not have phonemic consonant length, there are many instances of doubled or even tripled consonants in the spelling. Although nowadays substituted correctly only by ss, the letter actually originates from a distinct ligature: long s with (round) z ("ſz"/"ſʒ"). However, the breve – or the ring (°) – was traditionally used in some scripts to distinguish a u from an n. In rare cases, the n was underlined. Automatic back-transcribing is not only wrong for names. A single consonant following a checked vowel is doubled if another vowel follows, for instance immer 'always', lassen 'let'. The chart shows the first frequency on the horizontal axis, and the second frequency on the vertical axis. A possible sequence of names then would be "Mukovic; Muller; Müller; Mueller; Multmann" in this order. German-speakers are used to their own Funkalphabet or Buchstabiertafel for spelling on the phone or in radio communications. Silbisches m, n und l Silbisches m, n und l, die in manchen Positionen anstelle eines Schwas [ə] + [m]/[n]/[l] auftreten, werden mit einem kleinen Strich unterhalb des jeweiligen phonetischen Zeichens markiert (als Abbildung zeigen): 1. Since Prussia was, by far, the largest state in the German Empire, its regulations also influenced spelling elsewhere, for instance, in 1894, when Switzerland recognized the Duden. It was already mostly abolished in the late 19th century (and finally with the first unified German spelling of 1901) in favor of the Adelung spelling. Jahrhundert vom norwegischen ski ‚Scheit (gespaltenes Holz); Schneeschuh‘ entlehnt, das seinerseits von dem gleichbedeutenden altnordischen skíð abstammt und mit dem deutschen Wort Scheit urverwandt ist. For some common affixes however, like -graphie or Photo-, it is allowed to use -grafie or Foto- instead. However, certain older spellings occasionally remain, mostly for decorative reasons, such as Circus instead of Zirkus. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Official rules of German spelling updated, "Das deutsche Alphabet – Wie viele Buchstaben hat das ABC? To create the alphabet, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) assigned codewords acrophonically to the letters of the English alphabet, so that letters and numbers would have distinct names that would be most easily understood by those who exchange voice messages by radio or telephone, regardless of language differences or the quality of the communication channel. By the 16th century, a new interregional standard developed on the basis of the East Central German and Austro-Bavarian varieties. Consonants are sometimes doubled in writing to indicate the preceding vowel is to be pronounced as a short vowel. By the early 1950s, a few other publishing houses had begun to attack the Duden monopoly in the West by putting out their own dictionaries, which did not always hold to the "official" spellings prescribed by Duden. The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association Official chart. W; Languages; NATO Phonetic Alphabet; NATO Phonetic Alphabet. The pronunciation of almost every word can be derived from its spelling once the spelling rules are known, but the opposite is not generally the case. Compound words, including nouns, are written together, e.g. German naming law accepts umlauts and/or ß in family names as a reason for an official name change. In the same year, the Duden was declared to be authoritative in Prussia. The official IPA chart, revised to 2020. Unlike in Hungarian, the exact shape of the umlaut diacritics – especially when handwritten – is not important, because they are the only ones in the language (not counting the tittle on i and j). Even though vowel length is phonemic in German, it is not consistently represented. It is not used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. International Phonetic Alphabet. logos). Vokali. IPA-Zeichen: [Konsonant/Artikulation] - [Vokal/Wortbeispiele]
Deutsche Welle offers this free online course for students who do not know the Latin alphabet. Some of the tools listed below convert German text to phonetic transcription using International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols. Weitere Ideen zu Phonetik, Vorschule, Vorschulbilder. In northern Germany, the Lutheran East Central German replaced the Low German written language until the mid-17th century. The reform was adopted initially by Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein and Switzerland, and later by Luxembourg as well. The three possible spelling variants of the same name (e.g. In one curious instance, the word Ski (meaning as in English) is pronounced as if it were Schi all over the German-speaking areas (reflecting its pronunciation in its source language Norwegian), but only written that way in Austria.[15]. The spelling reform of 1996 changed the rules concerning ß and ss (no forced replacement of ss to ß at word’s end). If the vowel is short, it becomes ss, e.g. Only with the introduction of compulsory education in late 18th and early 19th century was the spelling further standardized, though at first independently in each state because of the political fragmentation of Germany. As a result, passport, visa, and aircraft ticket may display different spellings of the same name. The transcription mentioned above is generally used for aircraft tickets et cetera, but sometimes (like in US visas) simple vowels are used (MULLER, GOSSMANN). By analogy, if a word has one form with a doubled consonant, all forms of that word are written with a doubled consonant, even if they do not fulfill the conditions for consonant doubling; for instance, rennen 'to run' → er rennt 'he runs'; Küsse 'kisses' → Kuss 'kiss'. On this page you will find a list of free online tools that automatically convert German text to its phonetic transcription.. Radioalphabet oder Telefonalphabet ist ein Satz von Wörtern, die verwendet werden, um für die Buchstaben eines Alphabets zu stehen. Vorstellung der Laborarbeit der Phonetik und Mitmachexperiment bei der langen Nacht der Wissenschaften 2015. [7] The uppercase ẞ was included in Unicode 5.1 as U+1E9E in 2008. Each sound has … Microsoft Windows in German versions offers the choice between the first two variants in its internationalisation settings. Umlauti. When it is not possible to use the umlauts (for example, when using a restricted character set) the characters Ä, Ö, Ü, ä, ö, ü should be transcribed as Ae, Oe, Ue, ae, oe, ue respectively, following the earlier postvocalic-e convention; simply using the base vowel (e.g. In all-caps, ß is replaced by SS or, optionally, by the uppercase ẞ. Composite words can also have tripled letters. Further details may exist on the, Die Erde: Haack Kleiner Atlas; VEB Hermann Haack geographisch-kartographische Anstalt, Gotha, 1982; pages: 97, 100, 153, 278, Italien: Straßenatlas 1:300.000 mit Ortsregister; Kunth Verlag GmbH & Co. KG 2016/2017; München; page: III. In 1880, Gymnasium director Konrad Duden published the Vollständiges Orthographisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache ("Complete Orthographic Dictionary of the German Language"), known simply as "the Duden". Vowels. In 1876, the Prussian government instituted the First Orthographic Conference [de] to achieve a standardization for the entire German Empire. Das Wort Ski wurde im 19. However, that language was used only in the epic poetry and minnesang lyric of the knight culture. 1 and 2 also exists, in use in a couple of lexica: The umlaut is sorted with the base character, but an ae, oe, ue in proper names is sorted with the umlaut if it is actually spoken that way (with the umlaut getting immediate precedence). Als Pluralform sind laut Duden Ski und Skier bzw. A notable example is the word Foto, with the meaning “photograph”, which may no longer be spelled as Photo. This should never be changed to das neü Buch, as the second e is completely separate from the u and does not even belong in the same syllable; neue ([ˈnɔʏ.ə]) is neu (the root for ‘new’) followed by an e, an inflection. Download Bulgarian Phonetic Keyboard Layout for Windows to apply Bulgarian phonetic keyboard layout to your Windows 2000, 2003, and XP. … Haustür (Haus+Tür; house door), Tischlampe (Tisch+Lampe; table lamp), Kaltwasserhahn (Kalt+Wasser+Hahn; cold water tap/faucet). Double consonants are pronounced as single consonants, except in compound words. 1.2 Die Rahmenbedingungen für diese Arbeit ... Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation, die den Kosten- … Spass, whereas particularly in Bavaria elongated may occur as in Geschoss which is pronounced Geschoß in certain regions), Heyse spelling also introduces reading ambiguities that do not occur with Adelung spelling such as Prozessorientierung (Adelung: Prozeßorientierung) vs. "Prozessorarchitektur" (Adelung: Prozessorarchitektur). Fonetika i pravopis (Phonetik und Rechtschreibung). This required a change of habits and is often disregarded: some people even incorrectly assumed that the "ß" had been abolished completely. 26.12.2019 - Erkunde Christiane de la Hamettes Pinnwand „Phonetik“ auf Pinterest. Schi und Schier üblich. Outputs transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA or the SAMPA alphabet designed for speech recognition technology. The letter y (Ypsilon, /ˈʏpsilɔn/) occurs almost exclusively in loanwords, especially words of Greek origin, but some such words (such as Typ) have become so common that they are no longer perceived as foreign. Wortherkunft, Sprachliches Accents in French loanwords are always ignored in collation. In 1902, its results were approved by the governments of the German Empire, Austria and Switzerland. They were written mainly in monasteries in different local dialects of Old High German. Dieser Pinnwand folgen 536 Nutzer auf Pinterest. Deutsche Phonetik. Similar cases are Coesfeld and Bernkastel-Kues. In 1944, the Nazi German government planned a reform of the orthography, but because of World War II, it was never implemented. Grammar, reading, vocabulary, speaking. [2] Die Aussprache ist vornehmlich wie „Schi“ (wie auch original im Norwegischen), lokal bzw. After World War II, this tradition was followed with two different centers: Mannheim in West Germany and Leipzig in East Germany. An automated phonetic/phonemic transcriber supporting English, German, and Danish. These early tendencies of standardization ceased in the interregnum after the death of the last Hohenstaufen king in 1254. Native German words now pronounced with a /ks/ sound are usually written using chs or (c)ks, as with Fuchs (fox). Die deutsche Hochsprache um-fasst etwa 70 unterschiedliche Laute. Buchstabieren am Telefon auf Englisch! On the chart are several symbols from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).. Occasionally it is treated as s, but this is generally considered incorrect. from Müller to Mueller or from Weiß to Weiss is regarded as a name change. HEINZ GROßE, today's spelling: HEINZ GROẞE). In 1901, the interior minister of the German Empire instituted the Second Orthographic Conference. Müller / Mueller / Muller) in different documents sometimes lead to confusion, and the use of two different spellings within the same document may give persons unfamiliar with German orthography the impression that the document is a forgery. u instead of ü) would be wrong and misleading. The eszett or scharfes S (ẞ, ß) represents the unvoiced s sound. 08.05.2019 - Entdecke die Pinnwand „Phonetics“ von Marijke Otten. Some people therefore prefer to substitute "ß" by "sz", as it can avoid possible ambiguities (as in the above "Maßen" vs "Massen" example). ", Empfehlungen und Hinweise für die Schreibweise geographischer Namen, 5. The omission can cause some inconvenience, since the first letter of every noun is capitalized in German. The German spelling reform of 1996 somewhat reduced usage of this letter in Germany and Austria. A vowel usually represents a long sound if the vowel in question occurs: Long vowels are generally pronounced with greater tenseness than short vowels. Most one-syllable words that end in a single consonant are pronounced with long vowels, but there are some exceptions such as an, das, es, in, mit, and von. In English, to make the pronunciation and spelling of a word clear, we say "B as in burger" but in German they use names to spell and those names are fixed. [1], While the Council for German Orthography considers Ä/ä, Ö/ö, Ü/ü, and ẞ/ß distinct letters,[1] disagreement on how to categorize and count them has led to a dispute over the exact number of letters the German alphabet has, the number ranging between 26 (special letters are considered variants of A, O, U, and S) and 30 (all special letters are counted separately).[4]. This means that German words almost always sound the way they are spelled — with consistent sounds for any given spelling. In the following centuries, the only variety that showed a marked tendency to be used across regions was the Middle Low German of the Hanseatic League, based on the variety of Lübeck and used in many areas of northern Germany and indeed northern Europe in general. Der Phonembestand umfasst etwa 17 ... Phonetische Transkription/ Phonetisches Alphabet: API/IPA Dieser Phonetischer Alphabet-Übersetzer wird jeden Text, den Sie in das untere Feld eingeben, phonetisieren. dialektal kommt sie auch als „Schki“ (etwa in Graubünden oder im Wallis) vor. Some exceptions occur such as Hexe (witch), Nixe (mermaid), Axt (axe) and Xanten. However, it shows many instances of spellings that are historic or analogous to other spellings rather than phonemic. : Italiën[6] (usually written as Italien). A sort of combination of nos. Weitere Ideen zu phonetik, kinder, arbeitsblatt für kinder im vorschulalter. Spell on the phone in English, automatic spelling according to the spelling alphabet (phonetic alphabet)! Doktorandentag des Instituts für deutsche Sprache und Linguistik am 05.10.2015, zusammen mit Elisabeth Verhoeven. [5] Occasionally, a diaeresis may be used in some well-known names, i.e. Čitanje teksta. The NATO phonetic alphabet is a Spelling Alphabet, a set of words used instead of letters in oral communication (i.e. German orthography is the orthography used in writing the German language, which is largely phonemic.However, it shows many instances of spellings that are historic or analogous to other spellings rather than phonemic. According to the spelling before 1996, the three consonants would be shortened before vowels, but retained before consonants and in hyphenation, so the word Schifffahrt ('navigation, shipping', composed of Schiff 'ship' and Fahrt 'drive, trip, tour') was then written Schiffahrt, whereas Sauerstoffflasche already had a triple fff. The alphabet. A 1998 decision of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany confirmed that there is no law on the spelling people use in daily life, so they can use the old or the new spelling. 29.06.2014 - Das Vokalsystem des Deutschen - Internationales Phonetisches Alphabet. This was influenced by several factors: Mid-16th century Counter-Reformation reintroduced Catholicism to Austria and Bavaria, prompting a rejection of the Lutheran language. (e.g., the German ei — as in nein — spelling is always sounded out EYE, whereas German ie — as in Sie — always has the ee sound.) However, if the vowel preceding the s is long, the correct spelling remains ß (as in Straße).
[ˡblasm̩] 2. Around the year 1200, there was a tendency towards a standardized Middle High German language and spelling for the first time, based on the Franconian-Swabian language of the Hohenstaufen court. Jedes Wort im Radioalphabet ersetzt in der Regel den Namen des Buchstabens, mit dem es beginnt. However, its results were rejected, notably by Prime Minister of Prussia Otto von Bismarck. [8] The option of using the uppercase ẞ in all-caps was officially added to the German orthography in 2017.[9]. The pronunciation of almost every word can be derived from its spelling once the spelling rules are known, but the opposite is not generally the case. The location of the symbol gives the approximate first and second frequencies that form the corresponding vowel. in the word Schaffell ('sheepskin', composed of Schaf 'sheep' and Fell 'skin, fur, pelt'). The German alphabet has 26 basic letters, the three umlauted vowels Ä, Ö, Ü as well as the Eszett (ß). [ˡflyːgl̩] An example where this convention would avoid ambiguity is Wachstube, which was written either Wachſtube = Wach-Stube (IPA: [ˈvax.ʃtuːbə], guardhouse) or Wachstube = Wachs-Tube (IPA: [ˈvaks.tuːbə], tube of wax). It is used either as an alternative letter for i, for instance in Mayer / Meyer (a common family name that occurs also in the spellings Maier / Meier), or especially in the Southwest, as a representation of [iː] that goes back to an old IJ (digraph), for instance in Schwyz or Schnyder (an Alemannic variant of the name Schneider). These consonants are analyzed as ambisyllabic because they constitute not only the syllable onset of the second syllable but also the syllable coda of the first syllable, which must not be empty because the syllable nucleus is a checked vowel. This transcription can give rise to ambiguities, albeit rarely; one such case is in Maßen (in moderation) vs. in Massen (en masse). Prozessor-Architektur vs. Prozess-Orientierung. Incorrect use of the ß letter is a common type of spelling error even among native German writers. The modern German alphabet consists of the twenty-six letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet plus four special letters. At the same time, however, they found themselves forced to make finer and finer distinctions in the production of German spelling rules, and each new print run introduced a few reformed spellings. The oldest known German texts date back to the 8th century. This helps in improving English pronunciation and feeling more confident speaking in English, whether you learn English on you own or with a specialist teacher in an individual English Accent … Uppercase umlauts were dropped because they are less common than lowercase ones (especially in Switzerland). German spelling and punctuation was changed in 1996 (Reform der deutschen Rechtschreibung von 1996) with the intent to simplify German orthography, and thus to make the language easier to learn,[17] without substantially changing the rules familiar to users of the language. The e in the ending -el ([əl ~ l̩], e.g. Even a spelling change, e.g. Since 2010 its use is mandatory in official documentation in Germany when writing geographical names in all-caps. Geographical names in particular are supposed to be written with A, O, U plus e, except Österreich. Only the foundation of the German Empire in 1871 allowed for further standardization. Sometimes they are called IPA translators or IPA converters.Other converters may use their own phonetic transcription system. All with comprehensive Teacher Notes included. A typical feature of German spelling is the general capitalization of nouns and of most nominalized words. In the Fraktur typeface and similar scripts, a long s (ſ) was used except in syllable endings (cf. 12. Ausgabe 2010, Rechtschreibrat führt neuen Buchstaben ein, canoo.net: Spelling for "Photographie/Fotografie", canoo.net: Spelling for "Portemonnaie/Portmonee", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_orthography&oldid=993242073#Alphabet, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with unsourced statements from November 2009, Articles needing additional references from December 2010, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Treat them like their base characters, as if the umlaut were not present (, They are treated like extra letters either placed, after their base letters (Austrian phone books have. This follows the general rule in German that a long vowel is followed by a single consonant, while a short vowel is followed by a double consonant. There are three ways to deal with the umlauts in alphabetic sorting. [11] Both Photographie and Fotografie are correct, but the mixed variants Fotographie or Photografie are not. A doubled consonant after a vowel indicates that the vowel is short, while a single consonant often indicates the vowel is long, e.g. You can find more information in our data protection declaration. In rare contexts (e.g. Listening lesson plans with mp3 files also available. Greek sigma) and sometimes it was historically used in antiqua fonts as well; but it went out of general use in the early 1940s along with the Fraktur typeface. A Das Internationale Phonetische Alphabet (IPA) 78 ... Für das Deutsche wurde das Aussprachewörterbuch des DUDEN-Verlags [38] zu Rate gezogen. Except for the common sequences sch (/ʃ/), ch ([x] or [ç]) and ck (/k/) the letter c appears only in loanwords or in proper nouns. [14] Other examples are Telephon (telephone) which was already Germanized as Telefon some decades ago or Bureau (office) which got replaced by the Germanized version Büro even earlier. Place names and family names were excluded from the reform. The word neü does not exist in German. Words distinguished only by ß vs. ss can only appear in the (presently used) Heyse writing and are even then rare and possibly dependent on local pronunciation, but if they appear, the word with ß gets precedence, and Geschoß (storey; South German pronunciation) would be sorted before Geschoss (projectile). This section lists German letters and letter combinations, and how to pronounce them transliterated into the International Phonetic Alphabet. Tunnel, Mörtel "mortar") is pronounced short despite having just a single consonant on the end. In response, the Ministers of Culture of the federal states in West Germany officially declared the Duden spellings to be binding as of November 1955. 13. Other letters occur less often such as ç in loan words from French or Portuguese, and ñ in loan words from Spanish. It used to be more common in earlier centuries, and traces of this earlier usage persist in proper names. German orthography is the orthography used in writing the German language, which is largely phonemic. Nemačka abeceda i spelovanje (Das deutsche Alphabet und Buchstabieren). According to DIN 5009, which is valid for Germany, the following German names and words are assigned to letters of the alphabet for clearer enunciation on the telephone. Thus, German typewriters and computer keyboards offer two dead keys: one for the acute and grave accents and one for circumflex. The Duden editors used their power cautiously because they considered their primary task to be the documentation of usage, not the creation of rules. The German alphabet is very similar to that of English but it has four letters that English does not have: ä, ö, ü and ß. Consider, for example, das neue Buch ("the new book"). The diacritic letters ä, ö, and ü are used to indicate the presence of umlauts (fronting of back vowels). For technical terms, the foreign spelling is often retained such as ph /f/ or y /yː/ in the word Physik (physics) of Greek origin. We use cookies to improve our service for you. As the ß derives from a ligature of lowercase letters, it is exclusively used in the middle or at the end of a word. Müller becomes MUELLER, Weiß becomes WEISS, and Gößmann becomes GOESSMANN. Alexander and Xanthippe. German is a much more phonetically consistent language than English. This is the pronunciation of Standard German. For some words for which the Germanized form was common even before the reform of 1996, the foreign version is no longer allowed. The proper transcription when it cannot be used is ss (sz and SZ in earlier times). In proper names and ethnonyms, there may also appear a rare ë and ï, which are not letters with an umlaut, but a diaeresis, used as in French to distinguish what could be a digraph, for example, ai in Karaïmen, eu in Alëuten, ie in Piëch, oe in von Loë and Hoëcker (although Hoëcker added the diaeresis himself), and ue in Niuë. The NATO phonetic alphabet, which uses a standardized set of codewords in order to refer to the letters in the English alphabet, is the most common type of phonetic alphabet in modern use. In the early 18th century, the Lutheran standard was also introduced in the southern states and countries, Austria, Bavaria and Switzerland, due to the influence of northern German writers, grammarians such as Johann Christoph Gottsched or language cultivation societies such as the Fruitbearing Society. The new orthography is mandatory only in schools. Names often exist in different variants, such as "Müller" and "Mueller", and with such transcriptions in use one could not work out the correct spelling of the name. before a single consonant followed by a vowel as in, Since Eastern Central Germany had been colonized only during the High and Late Middle Ages in the course of the, Eastern Central Germany was culturally very important, being home to the universities of, This page was last edited on 9 December 2020, at 15:31. Note that the pronunciation of standard German varies slightly from region to region. The letter q in German appears only in the sequence qu (/kv/) except for loanwords such as Coq au vin or Qigong (the latter is also written Chigong). It was developed by the International Phonetic Association in order to provide a standardised system that can be used by foreign language learners, teachers, linguists, therapists, etc., world-wide. Notker the German is a notable exception in his period: not only are his German compositions of high stylistic value, but his orthography is also the first to follow a strictly coherent system. [1] in older indices) sch (phonetic value equal to English sh) and likewise st and ch are treated as single letters, but the vocalic digraphs ai, ei (historically ay, ey), au, äu, eu and the historic ui and oi never are. Furthermore, in northern and western Germany, there are family names and place names in which e lengthens the preceding vowel (by acting as a Dehnungs-e), as in the former Dutch orthography, such as Straelen, which is pronounced with a long a, not an ä. Instead, a specific southern interregional language was used, based on the language of the Habsburg chancellery. Zero preparation time required. Learn German. The rules of the new spelling concern correspondence between sounds and written letters (including rules for spelling loan words), capitalisation, joined and separate words, hyphenated spellings, punctuation, and hyphenation at the end of a line. [ˡhabn̩] 3. Germans use their own spelling code for foreign words, names, or other unusual spelling needs. Front Central Back; Close: i. It is therefore recommended to insert hyphens where required for reading assistance, i.e. Anders als beim normalen Buchstabieren, bei dem Buchstaben eines Wortes einzeln gemäß ihrer Phonetisierung im Alphabet der entsprechenden Sprache g… After the Carolingian Renaissance, however, during the reigns of the Ottonian and Salian dynasties in the 10th century and 11th century, German was rarely written, the literary language being almost exclusively Latin. With the aforementioned change in ß spelling, even a new source of triple consonants sss, which in pre-1996 spelling could not occur as it was rendered ßs, was introduced, e. g. Mussspiel ('compulsory round' in certain card games, composed of muss 'must' and Spiel 'game'). Phonetics. In fact, it is possible to tell where most German speakers come from by their accent in standard German (not to be confused with the different German dialects).
Diploma Master Soziale Arbeit,
Ferienwohnung Fichtelgebirge Bauernhof,
Luftmatratze 140x200 Intex,
Hausboot Mit Kindern Erfahrungen,
Create Dns Server Windows Server 2016,
Irrsee Rundweg Rad,
Alfredo Sauce Ohne Sahne,
Ausbildung Hannover Sofort,
Kroatien Karte Istrien,