[62] Java had about 5 million inhabitants in 1815; its present-day successor, Indonesia, now has a population of over 140 million. [139], The predictions of Ehrlich and other neo-Malthusians were vigorously challenged by a number of economists, notably Julian Lincoln Simon, and advances in agriculture, collectively known as the Green Revolution, forestalled any potential global famine in the late 20th century. Approximately 4.45 billion people live in these ten countries, representing around 57% of the world's population as of September 2020. a net decrease in population over time), due to sub-replacement fertility rates. Update to date information about population of World in 2021. Aspects of Inequality; Costs of Inequality; Path to Equality; Data; Return to top . During the 20th century, the global population saw its greatest increase in known history, rising from about 1.6 billion in 1900 to over 6 billion in 2000. [68] The United Nations, however, estimated that the world population reached seven billion in October 2011. [80], According to the World Health Organization, the global average life expectancy is 71.4 years as of 2015, with women living an average of 74 years and men approximately 69 years. 3,090,840. Population, total from The World Bank: Data. [149][150] Food riots subsequently occurred in some countries. [163][164][165][166] By 2050 population growth, along with profligate consumption, could result in oceans containing more plastic than fish by weight. Nearly two-thirds of the world's population lives in Asia, with more than 2.7 billion in the countries of China and India combined. The population of World in 2018 was 7,631,091,040, a 1.1% increase from 2017. She was born to a poor family, in a rural community, in a poor country. [105] An alternative scenario is given by the statistician Jorgen Randers, who argues that traditional projections insufficiently take into account the downward impact of global urbanization on fertility. [2][3] It took over 2 million years of human prehistory and history for the world's population to reach 1 billion,[4] and only 200 years more to reach 7 billion. [5], The world population has experienced continuous growth following the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the end of the Black Death in 1350, when it was near 370 million. [63] In just one hundred years, the population of Brazil decupled (x10), from about 17 million in 1900, or about 1% of the world population in that year, to about 176 million in 2000, or almost 3% of the global population in the very early 21st century. Figuring out the current human population is a popular question to ask. World Population (total) Countries in the world by population. Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc. mile), excluding Antarctica. [47] The percentage of the children born in London who died before the age of five decreased from 74.5% in 1730–1749 to 31.8% in 1810–1829. The population of the Indian subcontinent, which was about 125 million in 1750, increased to 389 million in 1941;[61] today, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are collectively home to about 1.63 billion people. It states that "Women who are educated, economically engaged, and in control of their own bodies can enjoy the freedom of bearing children at their own pace, which happens to be a rate that is appropriate for the aggregate ecological endowment of our planet. The Challenge: Sustaining a world population of 10 billion people without completely destroying the planet. The Population Division of the United Nations declared the "Day of 7 Billion" to be 31 October 2011. [155] In 2009, the UK government's chief scientific advisor, Professor John Beddington, warned that growing populations, falling energy reserves and food shortages would create a "perfect storm" of shortages of food, water, and energy by 2030. The latter equally depended on period, location and social standing, but calculations identify averages from roughly 30 years upward. Nishijima, Sadao (1986), "The economic and social history of Former Han", in Twitchett, Denis; Loewe, Michael. Population, which had sort of fallen off the world’s agenda, remains a very important issue. [151][152] However, oil prices then fell sharply. It was another 123 years before it reached two billion in 1927, but it took only 33 years to reach three billion in 1960. Most scholars believe that, without the Revolution, there would be greater levels of famine and malnutrition than the UN presently documents. 2012 United Nations projections show a continued increase in population in the near future with a steady decline in population growth rate; the global population is expected to reach between 8.3 and 10.9 billion by 2050. Ehrlich places the optimum global population size at 1.5 to 2 billion people. In 1975, Sebastian von Hoerner proposed a formula for population growth which represented hyperbolic growth with an infinite population in 2025. ( 1 ) United Nations Population Division. The median age of the world's population was estimated to be 30.4 years in 2018. Population (2020) Yearly Change Net Change Density (P/Km²) Land Area (Km²) Migrants (net) Fert. [20] More refined estimates, broken down by continents, were published in the first half of the 19th century, at 600 million to 1 billion in the early 1800s and at 800 million to 1 billion in the 1840s. [77] In 2005, around 16% of the global population were reported to be non-religious.[88]. Asia is the most populous continent, with its 4.64 billion inhabitants accounting for 60% of the world population. Long-range predictions to 2150 range from a population decline to 3.2 billion in the "low scenario", to "high scenarios" of 24.8 billion. [25], The Plague of Justinian, which first emerged during the reign of the Roman emperor Justinian, caused Europe's population to drop by around 50% between the 6th and 8th centuries AD. Autoplay Skip intro. [74] In June 2012, British researchers calculated the total weight of Earth's human population as approximately 287 million tonnes, with the average person weighing around 62 kilograms (137 lb). [51], Population growth in the West became more rapid after the introduction of vaccination and other improvements in medicine and sanitation. [158] The 2009 FAO estimates showed an even more dramatic increase, to 1.02 billion. Until the late 18th century, few governments had ever performed an accurate census. Jean-Noël Biraben (1980), "An Essay Concerning Mankind's Evolution". [127] Some analysts have questioned the sustainability of further world population growth, highlighting the growing pressures on the environment,[128] global food supplies, and energy resources.[129][130][131]. [106] Adrian Raftery, a University of Washington professor of statistics and of sociology, states that "there’s a 70 percent probability the world population will not stabilize this century. [52] Improved material conditions led to the population of Britain increasing from 10 million to 40 million in the 19th century. ", "Victorian Medicine – From Fluke to Theory", "Vladimir Putin vows to reverse Russian population decline", "Russia's Population Decline Said To Have 'Stopped, "Reintegrating India with the World Economy", "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency", "From Traitors to Heroes: 100 Years of Mexican Migration Policies", "Population and Housing Census: Mexico 2010", "U.S. Census Bureau – World POPClock Projection", "Population seven billion: UN sets out challenges", "7 billion people is a 'serious challenge", "World Population Prospects, the 2008 Revision – Frequently Asked Questions", "World Health Statistics 2016: Monitoring health for the SDGs Annex B: tables of health statistics by country, WHO region and globally", "Sex-ratio imbalance in Asia: Trends, consequences and policy responses", "General debate on national experience in population matters: adolescents and youth", "Global weight gain more damaging than rising numbers", "What It Will Take to 'Graduate' 1.2 Billion People Out of Extreme Poverty". [143], In May 2008, the price of grain was pushed up severely by the increased cultivation of biofuels, the increase of world oil prices to over $140 per barrel ($880/m3),[144] global population growth,[145] the effects of climate change,[146] the loss of agricultural land to residential and industrial development,[147][148] and growing consumer demand in the population centres of China and India. [99][100][101], In 2000, the United Nations estimated that the world's population was growing at an annual rate of 1.1% (equivalent to around 75 million people),[102] down from a peak of 88 million per year in 1989. [138][156] According to a 2009 report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the world will have to produce 70% more food by 2050 to feed a projected extra 2.3 billion people. All people on 1 page. Resource demands are expected to ease as population growth declines, but it is unclear whether mass food wastage and rising living standards in developing countries will once again create resource shortages. … Nonetheless, population growth is the long-standing trend on all inhabited continents, as well as in most individual states. Over the 8,000-year period up to 1 A.D. it grew to 200 million (some estimate 300 million or even 600, suggesting how imprecise population estimates of early historical periods can be), with a growth rate of under 0.05% per year. "[40] By the end of the 20th century, scholarly consensus favored an estimate of roughly 55 million people, but numbers from various sources have ranged from 10 million to 100 million. Europe's 747 million people make up 10% of the world's population as of 2020, while the Latin American and Caribbean regions are home to around 653 million (8%). Age Urban Pop % World Share; 1: China: 1,439,323,776: 0.39 %: 5,540,090: 153: 9,388,211-348,399: 1.7: 38: 61 %: 18.47 %: 2: India: 1,380,004,385: 0.99 %: 13,586,631: 464: 2,973,190-532,687: 2.2: 28: 35 %: 17.70 %: 3: United States: 331,002,651: 0.59 %: 1,937,734: 36: 9,147,420: 954,806: 1.8: 38: 83 %: 4.25 %: … [159], A number of scientists have argued that the current global population expansion and accompanying increase in resource consumption threatens the world's ecosystem. [77][78] Approximately 26.3% of the global population is aged under 15, while 65.9% is aged 15–64 and 7.9% is aged 65 or over. [119] The UN has issued multiple projections of future world population, based on different assumptions. This natural decrease in Europe’s aging Christian population was unique compared with Christians in other parts of the world and other religious groups. Pre-modern infant mortality rates are another critical factor for such an estimate; these rates are very difficult to estimate for ancient times due to a lack of accurate records. The prevalence of bipolar disorder across the world varies from 0.3 to 1.2 percent by country. Interactive Data - Living Arrangements of Older Persons 2017: Population ageing and sustainable development: World Population Ageing 2017 Info Chart Sergei P Kapitza, 'The phenomenological theory of world population growth', List of countries and dependencies by population, List of countries and dependencies by population density, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, sustainable limit to the world population, Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, List of sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate, List of countries by past and projected future population, List of countries by population growth rate, "World Development Indicators – Google Public Data Explorer", "World Population to Hit Milestone With Birth of 7 Billionth Person", "World Population Prospects, 2012 revision (697 million births from 1985–1990)", "World Population estimates by the US Census Bureau", "CIA, The World Factbook: Field Listing: Median Age", "World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision", "Regions in the world by population (2020)", "Population estimates of the Roman Empire", "Plague, Plague Information, Black Death Facts, News, Photos", "History of Europe – Demographic and agricultural growth", "Historical Estimates of World Population", "Qing China's Internal Crisis: Land Shortage, Famine, Rural Poverty", "Super-Sized Cassava Plants May Help Fight Hunger in Africa", "U.S. News & World Report: How many people were here before Columbus? [177], Other academicians and public figures have pointed to the role of agriculture and agricultural productivity of increasing human carrying capacity, which results in population overshoot, as with any other species when their food supply experiences an increase, which in turn results in resource depletion and mass poverty and starvation in the case of humans. "[167] African wildlife populations are declining significantly as growing human populations encroach on protected ecosystems, such as the Serengeti. [55], The first half of the 20th century in Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union was marked by a succession of major wars, famines and other disasters which caused large-scale population losses (approximately 60 million excess deaths). [178][179][180][181], Estimates of the total number of humans who have ever lived range is estimated to be of the order of 100 billion. [172], Human population control is the practice of intervening to alter the rate of population growth. [176] Paul Ehrlich also advocates making "modern contraception and back-up abortion available to all and give women full equal rights, pay and opportunities with men," noting that it could possibly "lead to a low enough total fertility rate that the needed shrinkage of population would follow. [160][161] [21], It is difficult for estimates to be better than rough approximations, as even modern population estimates are fraught with uncertainties on the order of 3% to 5%. Population estimates cannot be considered accurate to more than two decimal digits; for example, the world population for the year 2012 was estimated at 7.02, 7.06 and 7.08 billion by the United States Census Bureau, the Population Reference Bureau and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, respectively, corresponding to a spread of estimates of the order of 0.8%. The world's two most populated countries, China and India, together constitute about 36% of the world's population. [8] The UN Department of Economics and Social Affairs projects between 9-10 billion people by 2050, and gives an 80% confidence interval of 10-12 billion by the end of the 21st century. Globally, the population growth rate has been steadily declining from its peak of 2.2% in 1963, but growth remains high in Latin America, the Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Africa is the second most populated continent, with around 1.34 billion people, or 17% of the world's population. We are fighting a losing battle, UN admits", "Half of all food 'wasted' report claims", "Oil shock could push world food prices higher", "Global food production will have to increase 70% for additional 2.3 billion people by 2050", "The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2008: High food prices and food security – threats and opportunities", "One sixth of humanity undernourished – more than ever before", "The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection", "Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction", "Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines", "World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice", "Population explosion fuelling rapid reduction of wildlife on African savannah, study shows", "Human society under urgent threat from loss of Earth's natural life", "Humans exploiting and destroying nature on unprecedented scale – report", "Animal populations worldwide have declined by almost 70% in just 50 years, new report says", "The best way to reduce your carbon footprint is one the government isn't telling you about", "China one-child policy leads to forced abortions, mothers' deaths", "Paul Ehrlich: 'Collapse of civilisation is a near certainty within decades, "Morgan Freeman on the 'Tyranny of Agriculture' and the Doomed Human Race", "Agriculture and Human Population Growth", "Fact or Fiction? World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. "[107], Estimated world population figures, 10,000 BC–AD 2000, Estimated world population figures, 10,000 BC–AD 2000 (in log y scale). Such estimates can only be rough approximations; as even modern population estimates are subject to uncertainty of around 3% to 5%. Pick a number", "The Story Of... Smallpox – and other Deadly Eurasian Germs", "By 2050, 70% of the world's population will be urban. These figures refer to the de facto population in a country or area as shown in the "estimates" section. Population Control: Real Costs, Illusory Benefits, Population and housing censuses by country, International Conference on Population and Development, Human activities with impact on the environment, Current real density based on food growing capacity, Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza, Percentage suffering from undernourishment, Health expenditure by country by type of financing, Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, List of top international rankings by country, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_population&oldid=1011432831, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2020, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2018, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2014, Articles needing additional references from April 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 10 March 2021, at 21:30. [165] In November 2017, a statement by 15,364 scientists from 184 countries asserted that rapid human population growth is the "primary driver behind many ecological and even societal threats. [66], It is estimated that the world population reached one billion for the first time in 1804. [170][171], A July 2017 study published in Environmental Research Letters argued that the most significant way individuals could mitigate their own carbon footprint is to have fewer children, followed by living without a vehicle, foregoing air travel, and adopting a plant-based diet. The table below shows historical and predicted regional population figures in millions. According to the Russian demographer Sergey Kapitsa,[136] the world population grew between 67,000 BC and 1965 according to the following formula: According to linear interpolation and extrapolation of UNDESA population estimates, the world population has doubled, or will double, in the years listed in the tables below (with two different starting points). Randers' "most likely scenario" reveals a peak in the world population in the early 2040s at about 8.1 billion people, followed by decline. "even recent demographic data is accurate only from 3 to 5%, although in demography traditionally more digits are indicated than those having a meaning. Other indicators visualized on maps: (In English only, for now) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) [73] One of many independent mathematical models supports the lower estimate,[122] while a 2014 estimate forecasts between 9.3 and 12.6 billion in 2100, and continued growth thereafter. "[175] The book Fatal Misconception by Matthew Connelly similarly points to the importance of supporting the rights of women in bringing population levels down over time. Nonetheless, population growth is the long-standing trend on all inhabited continents, as well as in most individual states. The greater number of men is possibly due to the significant sex imbalances evident in the Indian and Chinese populations. [103], During the 2010s, Japan and some countries in Europe began to encounter negative population growth (i.e. - Keywords: demography, population pyramid, age pyramid, aging, retirement, WORLD, 2017. [135] The transition from hyperbolic growth to slower rates of growth is related to the demographic transition. [12] [75][needs update], As of 2012, the global sex ratio is approximately 1.01 males to 1 female. Cite Warren, Stephen G. "Did agriculture cause the population explosion?." Rate Med. [76] In 2010, the global fertility rate was estimated at 2.52 children per woman. [32] At the founding of the Ming Dynasty in 1368, China's population was reported to be close to 60 million; toward the end of the dynasty in 1644, it may have approached 150 million. Population size fluctuates at differing rates in differing regions. The shaded regions correspond to the range of projections by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Nature 397.6715 (1999): 101. ", "World Population Prospects, the 2012 Revision", "World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision", "Symptoms of The Global Demographic Decline", "The Environmental Politics of Population and Overpopulation", "Creating new life – and other ways to feed the world", "Human population numbers as a function of food supply", Berlin Institute for Population and Development, HiveGroup.com – World population statistics presented in a treemap interface, Win.tue.nl – World countries mapped by population size, U.S. and World Population Clock (US Census Bureau). [7], The global population is still increasing, but there is significant uncertainty about its long-term trajectory due to changing rates of fertility and mortality. N.A. World Population 2017 Wallchart Citation: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). [141] However, neo-Malthusians point out that fossil fuels provided the energy for the Green Revolution, in the form of natural gas-derived fertilizers, oil-derived pesticides, and hydrocarbon-fueled irrigation, and that many crops have become so genetically uniform that a crop failure in any one country could potentially have global repercussions. At the dawn of agriculture, about 8000 B.C., the population of the world was approximately 5 million. Death rates can change rapidly due to disease epidemics, wars and other mass catastrophes, or advances in medicine. [7] The growth rate declined to 1.2% between 2010 and 2015 and is projected to decline further in the course of the 21st century. ( World Map) World Population by Year (past) World Population Projections (future) Population by Region. World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision. If this trend continues, the rate of growth may diminish to zero by 2050, concurrent with a world population plateau of 9.2 billion. Articles related to the world's population, Excluding its Special Administrative Regions (SARs) of. [86] The world's most-spoken first languages are Mandarin Chinese (spoken by 12.4% of the world's population), Spanish (4.9%), English (4.8%), Arabic (3.3%) and Hindi (2.7%). World 7 550 262 9 771 823 11 184 368 58 1.2 20 8 2.5 10 71 48 26 13 7 More developed regions a 1 259 922 1 298 069 1 284 957 26 0.3 11 10 1.7 5 78 6 16 25 3 Less developed regions b 6 290 340 8 473 754 9 899 411 78 1.4 21 7 2.7 10 69 53 28 10 8 Early estimates for the population of the world[19] date to the 17th century: William Petty in 1682 estimated world population at 320 million (modern estimates ranging close to twice this number); by the late 18th century, estimates ranged close to one billion (consistent with modern estimates). (How many countries are there in the world?) [53] The population of the United Kingdom reached 60 million in 2006. New York: United Nations. A number of factors contributed to this increase, including the lessening of the mortality rate in many countries by improved sanitation and medical advances, and a massive increa… [72] One extreme scenario predicted a massive increase to 256 billion by 2150, assuming the global fertility rate remained at its 1995 level of 3.04 children per woman; however, by 2010 the global fertility rate had declined to 2.52. [130], Scientists contend that human overpopulation, continued human population growth and overconsumption, particularly by the wealthy, are the primary drivers of mass species extinction. Delhi (Population: 29,399,141) Shanghai (Population: 26,317,104) Sao Paulo (Population: 21,846,507) Mexico City (Population: 21,671,908) Cairo (Population: 20,484,965) Dhaka (Population: 20,283,552) Mumbai (Population: 20,185,064) Beijing (Population: 20,035,455) Osaka (Population: 19,222,665) [13], Six of the Earth's seven continents are permanently inhabited on a large scale. Ralph Thomlinson, 1975, Demographic Problems: Controversy over population control, 2nd Ed., Dickenson Publishing Company, Ecino, CA. In demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently living, and was estimated to have reached 7,800,000,000 people as of March 2020[update]. The world's literacy rate has increased dramatically in the last 40 years, from 66.7% in 1979 to 86.3% today. The InterAcademy Panel Statement on Population Growth, which was ratified by 58 member national academies in 1994, states that "unprecedented" population growth aggravates many environmental problems, including rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, global warming, and pollution. [54] The United States saw its population grow from around 5.3 million in 1800 to 106 million in 1920, exceeding 307 million in 2010. [56][57] After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia's population declined significantly – from 150 million in 1991 to 143 million in 2012[58] – but by 2013 this decline appeared to have halted. Mexico's population grew from 13.6 million in 1900 to about 112 million in 2010. This feedback can be described as follows: technological advance → increase in the carrying capacity of land for people → demographic growth → more people → more potential inventors → acceleration of technological advance → accelerating growth of the carrying capacity → faster population growth → accelerating growth of the number of potential inventors → faster technological advance → hence, the faster growth of the Earth's carrying capacity for people, and so on. 73. World Development Indicators database, World Bank, 12 February 2021 1. From 2000 to 2005, the UN consistently revised these projections downward, until the 2006 revision, issued on 14 March 2007, revised the 2050 mid-range estimate upwards by 273 million. Malthus wrote the essay to refute what he considered the unattainable utopian ideas of William Godwin and Marquis de Condorcet, as presented in Political Justice and The Future Progress of the Human Mind. Is that a good thing? We show how the world population grew over the last several thousand years and we explain what has been driving this change. Other indicators visualized on maps: (In English only, for now) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) Source: Worldometer ( … Globally, an estimated 46 million people in the world had bipolar disorder in 2017, with 52 and 48 percent being female and male, respectively. Population in the top economic regions (E.U., U.S., China, and Japan) The following table gives estimates, in millions, of population in the past. Not surprisingly, the largest countries in the world in terms of population are China and India, with both countries now having populations of well over a billion.The United States comes in third with just under 325 million residents. [126] In a modelled future projection by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation the global population was projected to peak in 2064 at 9.73 billion people and decline to 8.79 billion in 2100. [69][70][71], According to current projections, the global population will reach eight billion by 2024, and is likely to reach around nine billion by 2042. [6] The United Nations did determine, and commemorate, the "Day of 5 Billion" on 11 July 1987, and the "Day of 6 Billion" on 12 October 1999. This is a list of countries and other inhabited territories of the world by total population, based on estimates published by the United Nations in the 2019 revision of World Population Prospects. [31], Starting in AD 2, the Han Dynasty of ancient China kept consistent family registers in order to properly assess the poll taxes and labor service duties of each household. Average global birth rates are declining fast, but vary greatly between developed countries (where birth rates are often at or below replacement levels) and developing countries (where birth rates typically remain high). [168] The Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, released by IPBES in 2019, states that human population growth is a factor in biodiversity loss. [162] Indeed, some analysts claim that overpopulation's most serious impact is its effect on the environment. Different ethnicities also display varying birth rates. The tables below list the world's most densely populated countries, both in absolute terms and in comparison to their total populations. [186] Thus, there is a significant margin of error when estimating ancient global populations. Between 1950 and 1984, as the Green Revolution transformed agriculture around the world, grain production increased by over 250%. At age 10, she was pulled out of school to help with chores and care for her younger brother. Other relevant research: World population growth – This article is focusing on the history of population growth up to the present. [77] In June 2014, there were around 3.03 billion global Internet users, constituting 42.3% of the world population. Using the above figures, the change in population from 2010 to 2015 was: Long-term global population growth is difficult to predict.
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